Linda Emanuel, MD, PhD, is the Buehler Professor of Geriatric Medicine and the director of the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine. She is also a professor in the Social Enterprise Program at Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management. Dr. Emanuel is the founder and principal of the national Education in Palliative and End-of-life Care (EPEC) Program and the Patient Safety Education Program (PSEP). She is the director of the Ford Center on Global Citizenship's Health Section at the Kellogg School of Management. Dr. Emanuel remains active with the Innovation Advisory Committee and the Patient Safety Task Force of the National Board of Medical Examiners, and has worked closely with the HealthCare Chaplaincy in New York City. She has also served as a reviewer for both the National Palliative Care Research Center and the National Institute of Health's Research on Integrity in Collaborative Research Review Committees.More...

Prior to joining Northwestern University, Dr. Emanuel was vice president of Ethics Standards and head of the Institute for Ethics at the American Medical Association. She moved to Chicago to create the Institute for Ethics at the AMA and to expand Ethics Standards. In the first three years of her tenure, these paired entities grew rapidly and were highly productive in the design and implementation of both the EPEC Project and the E-Force Program. During this period, Dr. Emanuel fostered the deliberations of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs and the continuing evolution of the council's 150-year-old Code of Ethics. Until 1996, she was the assistant director of the Division of Medical Ethics and, until 1998, she was the Glessner Lee Associate Professor of Medical Ethics at Harvard Medical School. She has published and lectured extensively on clinical ethics, end-of-life care, the patient-physician relationship, academic integrity, accountability, organizational ethics, and professionalism. Dr. Emanuel was trained at Cambridge University, University College London, Oxford University, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard University. She is a board-certified general internist with fellowship training in both public health research methodology and professional ethics. Until 1996, she cared for patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Dr. Emanuel earned her PhD in neurophysiology and was a research neurophysiologist before she embarked on her clinical career.

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Emanuel LL. Comprehensive assessment. In: Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Clinical Competencies. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; 2011: 16-29.

Emanuel LL, Bonow RO. Care of patients with end-stage heart disease. In: Bonow RO, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Science; 2011: 644-652.

Emanuel L, Ferris FD, von Gunten CF, Von Roenn JH. Combating compassion fatigue and burnout in cancer care. 2011. Medscape Nurses. June: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/742941

Emanuel L, Kundu T, Reitschuler E, Glasser-Scandrett K, Simon M, Librach SL. Addressing the social suffering associated with illness: A focus on household economic resilience. In: Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Competencies. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; 2011: 670-679.

Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Competencies. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; 2011.

Emanuel LL, Librach SL. Palliative care: A quiet revolution in patient care. In: Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Clinical Competencies. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; 2011: 4-15.

Lau DT, Joyce B, Clayman M, Dy S, Ehrlich-Jones L, Emanuel L, Hauser J, Paice J, Shega J. Hospice providers' key approaches to support informal caregivers in managing medications for patients in private residences. J Pain Symptom Manage. In press.

Knight SJ, Emanuel LL. Loss, bereavement, and adaptation. In: Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Clinical Competencies. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier; 2011: 242-254.

Michelson KN, Emanuel L, Carter A, Brinkman P, Clayman M, Frader J. Pediatric intensive care unit family conferences: One mode of communication for discussing end-of-life care decisions. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011 April [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 21478794

Rhee YJ, Csernansky JG, Emanuel LL, Chang CG, Shega JW. Psychotropic medication burden and factors associated with antipsychotic use: An analysis of a population-based sample of community-dwelling older persons with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. In press.

Richards CT, Gisondi MA, Chang CH, Courtney DM, Engel KE, Emanuel L, Quest TE. Palliative care symptom assessment for patients with cancer in the emergency department: validation of the Screen for Palliative and End-of-life care needs in the Emergency Department instrument. J Palliat Med. 2011; 14(6): 757-764. PMCID: PMC3107583

Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, Emanuel LL. Understanding economic and other burdens of terminal illness: The experience of patients and their caregivers. Reprint in: Meier DE, Isaacs SL, Hughes RG, eds. Palliative Care: Transforming the Care of Serious Illness. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2010: 413-427.

Emanuel L, Ferris FD, von Gunten CF, Von Roenn JH. Cancer survivorship: Role of healthcare providers. Medscape Nurses. 2010 September: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/728448.

Emanuel  L and Glaser-Scandrett K. Decisions at the end of life: Have we come of age? BMC Medicine. 2010; 8(1): 57. PMID: 20932275

Emanuel N, Simon MA, Burt M, et al. Economic impact of terminal illness and the willingness to change it. J Palliat Med 2010; 13(8): 941-944. PMID: 20712463

Gardino SL and Emanuel LL. Choosing life when facing death: Understanding fertility preservation decision making for cancer patients. Cancer Treat Res. 2010; 156: 447-458. PMID 20811854.

Gisondi MA, Lu DW, Yen M, Norris R, Courtney D M, Tanabe P, Engel KG, Emanuel LL, Quest TE. Adaptation of the EPEC-EM curriculum in a residency using asynchronous learning. West J Emerg Med. 2010;11(5):491-499. PMCID: PMC3027445

Hogan TM, Losman ED, Carpenter CR, Sauvigne K, Irmiter C, Emanuel L, Leipzig RM. Development of geriatric competencies for emergency medicine residents using an expert consensus process. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(3):316-324. PMID: 20370765

Scandrett KG, Reitschuler-Cross E, Nelson L, Sanger JA, Feigon M, Boyd E, Chang CH, Paice J, Hauser J, Chamkin A, Balfour P, Stolbunov A, Bennett CL, Emanuel L. Feasibility and effectiveness of the NEST 13+ as a screening tool for advanced illness care needs. J Palliat Med. 2010;13(2):161-169. PMID: 19821699

Shega JW, Weiner DK, Paice JA, Bilir SP, Rockwood K, Herr K, Ersek M, Emanuel L, Dale W. The association between noncancer pain, cognitive impairment, and functional disability: an analysis of the Canadian study of health and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. Aug 2010;65(8):880-886. PMCID: PMC2903783

Emanuel LL, Desai E, Cohen L. Improving palliative care at the end of life.  City Health Information. January/February 2009;28(1):1-8

Hogan TM, Losman ED, Carpeter CR, Sauvigne K, Irmiter C, Emanuel L, Leipzig RM.  Development of geriatric competencies for emergency medicine residents using an expert consensus process.  Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(3):316-324. PMID: 20370765

Knight S, Kovak T, Moody-Ayers S, Zalinski R, Emanuel L. A dyadic model of creative adaptation to loss: the role of recreating of meaning. In preparation.

Kundu T, Cross-Reitschuler E, Emanuel LL. Alleviating poverty: policies to mitigate the economic cost of disease. Submitted.

Lau DT, Kasper JD, Hauser JM, Berdes C, Chang CH, Berman RL, Masin-Peters J, Paice J, Emanuel L.  Family caregiver skills in medication management for hospice patients: a qualitative study to define a construct.  J Gerontol B Psychol Sci.  EPub Jun 19 2009.  PMCID: 19465748.

Rhee YJ, Degenholtz HB, Lo Sasso AT, Emanuel LL.  Estimating the quantity and economic value of family caregiving for community-dwelling older persons in the last years of life.  J Amer Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(9):1654-1659. PMID: 19682115

Rhee Y-J, Sfekas A, Bennett C, Emanuel LL. Trajectories of economic recovery among families of the terminally ill. In preparation.

Scandrett KG, Reitschuler-Cross E, Nelson L, Sanger JA, Feigon M, Boyd E, Chang CH, Paice J, Hauser J, Chamkin A, Balfour P, Stolbunov A, Bennett CL, Emanuel L.  Feasibility and effectiveness of the NEST 13+ as a screening tool for advanced illness care needs.  J Palliat Med. 2010;13(2):161-169. PMID: 19821699

Cross ER, Emanuel L. Providing inbuilt economic resilience options: an obligation of comprehensive cancer care. Cancer. 2008;15:113(12 suppl):3548-3555.  PMCID: 19058152

Emanuel EJ, Hauser J, Emanuel LL.  Palliative and end-of-life care.  In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, et al., eds.  Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2008: 66-80.

Emanuel LL.  Advance directives.  In: Caskey CT, Austin CP, Hoxie J, eds.  Annual Review of Medicine.  Vol. 59. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews; 2008: 187-198.

Emanuel L. Crossing the classroom-clinical practice divide in palliative care by using quality improvement methods.  Commentary commissioned by United Health Foundation. In: Clinical Evidence.  London, UK: BMJ; Spring 2008:1-11.

Emanuel L, Berwick D, Conway J, Combes J, Hatlie M, Leape L, Reason J, Schyve P, Vincent C, Walton M.  What exactly is patient safety? In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Keyes MA, Gandy ML, eds. Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches.  Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008:19-36.

Emanuel LL, Combes JR, Hatlie MJ, Karsh B, Shalowitz J, eds. The Patient Safety Core Curriculum. Chicago, IL: The Patient Safety Education Project, Northwestern University; 2008.

Emanuel LL, Quest T, eds. The Education in Palliative and End-of-life Care-Emergency Medicine Curriculum. Chicago, IL: The EPEC Project, Northwestern University; 2008.

Emanuel LL,  Walton M, Hatlie M, Lau DT, Shaw T, Shalowitz J, Combes J.  The patient safety education project: an international collaboration.  In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Keyes MA, Gandy ML, eds.  Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches.  Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008:365-379.  

Emanuel RH, Emanuel GA, Reitschuler EB, Lee AJ, Kikule E, Merriman A, Emanuel LL. Challenges faced by informal caregivers of hospice patients in Uganda. J Palliat Med. 2008;11(5):746-753.  PMCID: 18588407

Gisondi MA, Quest TE, Emanuel L.  Palliative and end-of-life care in the emergency department. Emerg Med & Crit Care.  2008; 4:46-48. PMCID: 19133843

Tulsky JA, Emanuel LL, Martin DK, Singer PA. Advance care planning.  In: Singer PA, Viens AM. eds. The Cambridge Textbook of Bioethics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2008:65-71.

Chang CH, Boni-Saenz AA, Durazo-Arvizu RA, DesHarnais S, Lau DT, Emanuel LL. A system for interactive assessment and management in palliative care. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007; 33(6):745-755. Epub 2007 Mar 23.  PMCID: 17360148

Emanuel LL. Comprehensive assessment. In: Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Clinical Competencies.  Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/ Elsevier; 2007:27-41.

Emanuel L, Bennett K, Richardson VE. The dying role. J Palliat Med. 2007;10(1):159-168.  PMCID: 17298264

Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Clinical Competencies. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/ Elsevier; 2007.

Emanuel LL, Librach SL, Palliative care: A quiet revolution in patient care.  In: Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds.  Palliative Care: Core Skills and Clinical Competencies.  Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/ Elsevier; 2007:3-14.

Knight SJ, Emanuel L. Processes of adjustment to end-of-life losses: a reintegration model. J Palliat Med. 2007;10(5):1190-1198.  PMCID: 17985975

Emanuel LL, Rajagopal MR, Khemka V, eds. The Education in Palliative and End-of-life Care – India Curriculum.  Chicago, IL: The EPEC Project, Northwestern University; 2007.

Knight SJ, Emanuel LL.  Loss, bereavement, and adaptation.  In: Emanuel LL, Librach SL, eds. Palliative Care: Core Skills and Clinical Competencies.  Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier; 2007:193-205.

Lau DT, Scandrett KG, Jarzebowski M, Holman K, Emanuel L. Health-related safety: a framework to address barriers to aging in place. Gerontologist. 2007;47(6):830-837.  PMCID: 18192636

Reitjens JA, Hauser J, van der Heide A, Emanuel L. Having a difficult time leaving: Experiences and attitudes of nurses with palliative sedation.  Palliat Med. 2007;21(7):643-649. PMCID: 17942505

Berdes C, Emanuel LL. Creative adaptation in aging and dying: ethical imperative or impossible dream? In: Jansen LA, ed.  Death in the Clinic. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 2006;97-117.

Boni-Saenz A, Heinemann A, Crown D, Emanuel LL.  The business of employing people with disabilities: four case studies. Organ Ethics. 2006; 3(1):3-18.

Emanuel LL. Changing the norms of palliative care by changing the norms of education.  In Bruera E, Higginson IJ, Ripamonti C, von Gunten CF, eds.  Textbook of Palliative Medicine.  London, UK: Hodder Arnold; 2006:146-152.

Emanuel L. Relief of suffering is the business of every discipline. Invited editorial. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(2):149-150.  PMCID: 16432081

Emanuel LL. Postgraduate, continuing education: lifelong learning, professionalism. In: Bruera E, Higginson IJ, Ripamonti C, von Gunten CF, eds. Textbook of Palliative Medicine.  London: Hodder Arnold; 2006.

Emanuel LL, Ferris FD, von Gunten CF, Von Roenn JH. The Last Hours of Living: Practical Advice for Clinicians.  MedScape released August 28, 2006 http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/5808.  Accessed August 21, 2008.

Hauser JM, Chang CH, Alpert H, Baldwin D, Emanuel EJ, Emanuel L. Who’s caring for whom? Differing perspectives between seriously ill patients and their family caregivers. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2006;23(2):105-112. PMCID: 16572748

Arseven A, Chang C-H, Arseven OK, Emanuel LL. Assessment instruments.  Clin Geriatr Med. 2005;21(1):121-146. ix.  PMCID: 15639041

Boni-Saenz AA, Dranove D, Emanuel LL, LoSasso AT. The price of palliative care: toward a complete accounting of costs and benefits. Clin Geriatr Med. 2005;21(1):147-163. PMCID: 15639042

Emanuel LL, Bonow RO. Care of patients with end-stage heart disease. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald’s Heart Disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005:53-61; 8th ed. 2008; 717-724.

Emanuel LL, Ferris FD, von Gunten CF, Von Roenn J, eds. The Education in Palliative and End-of-life Care – Oncology Curriculum. Chicago, IL: The EPEC Project, Northwestern University; 2005.

Emanuel LL, Greenland P. Peer review and professionalism at the Archives of Internal Medicine. Invited editorial. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(22):2559-2560. PMCID: 16344408

Boni-Saenz AA, Chang CH, Reginald A, Kacker R, Emanuel L. Just measures: a methodology for assessing the global value added of corporate activities. Organ Ethics. 2004;1(2):81-94.

Emanuel EJ, Fairclough D, Wolfe P, Emanuel L. Talking with terminally ill patients and their caregivers about death, dying and bereavement: Is it stressful? Is it helpful? Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(18):1999-2004.  PMCID: 15477434

Emanuel LL. Advance directives and advancing age. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(4):641-642. PMCID: 15066087

Emanuel LL. Deriving professionalism from its roots. Am J Bioeth. 2004;52(4):641-642. PMCID: 15066087

Emanuel LL. Forward. In: Neuberger J, ed. Caring for Dying People of Different Faiths. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Radcliffe Medical Press; 2004:i-vii.

Emanuel L, Alexander C, Arnold RM, Bernstein R, Dart R, Dellasantina C, Dykstra L, Tulsky J. Integrating palliative care into disease management guidelines. J Palliat Med. 2004;7(6):774-783.  PMCID: 15684844

Hughes G, Rammohan S, Emanuel LL. Corporate citizenship: managing relationships with professionals and government. Organ Ethics. 2004;1:3-20. Reprinted in AIDS Public Policy J. 2003;18(3/4):61-76.

Robinson K, Sutton S, von Gunten CF, Ferris DF, Molodyko N, Martinez J, Emanuel LL. Assessment of The Education for Physicians on End-of-life Care (EPECtm) Project. J Palliat Med. 2004;7(5):637-45.  PMCID: 15588354

Emanuel LL. Research in advance care planning. In: Dunlop R, Portenoy RK, Coyle N, Davis C, eds. The Concise Oxford Textbook of Palliative Care.  Oxford University Press; 2003.

Emanuel LL.  Research in advance care planning.  In: Portenoy RK, Bruera E, eds.  Issues in Palliative Care Research.  New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2003:261-274.

Emanuel L, Iris MA, Webster JR. Ethical aspects of geriatric palliative care. In:  Morrison RS, Meier DE, eds.  Geriatric Palliative Care. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2003; 55-78.

Ferris FD, von Gunten CF, Emanuel LL. Competency in end-of-life care: last hours of life. J Palliat Med. 2003;6(4):605-613. PMCID: 14516502

Ryndes T, Emanuel L. Is discontinuity in palliative care a culpable act of omission? Hastings Cent Rep. 2003; suppl:S45-S47. PMCID: 12762192

Emanuel LL. Advance care planning. In: Heffner JE, Byock IR, eds. Palliative and End-of-life Pearls. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus; 2002.

Emanuel L, Cruess R, Cruess S, Hauser J. Old values, new challenges: what is a professional to do? Int J Qual Health Care. 2002;14(5):349-351.  PMCID 12389800

Ferris FD, von Gunten CF, Emanuel LL. Ensuring competency in end-of-life care: controlling symptoms. BMC Palliat Care. 2002;1(1):5.  PMCID: 12149128

Slutsman J, Emanuel LL, Fairclough D, Bottoroff, D, Emanuel EJ. Managing end-of-life care: comparing the experiences of terminally ill patients in managed care and fee-for-service. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2002; 50(12):2077-2083. PMCID: 12473022

von Gunten CF, Ferris FD, D’Antuono R, Emanuel LL. Recommendations to improve end-of-life care through regulatory change in U.S. health care financing. J Palliat Med. 2002;5(1):35-41. PMCID: 11839225

Emanuel LL. Palliative care: a weak link in the chain of civilized life. In: Weisstub DN, Thomasma DC, Gauthier S, Tomossy GF, eds. Aging: Decisions at the End of Life. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2001:31-47. [Vol 12 of the International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, ISBN: 1-4020-0182-7].

Emanuel LL. Ethics and health care services. In: Essential Issues for Leaders: Emerging Challenges in Health Care. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, Joint Commission Resources; 2001:37-64.

Emanuel LL, Alpert HR, Emanuel EJ. Concise screening questions for clinical assessments of terminal care: the needs near the end-of-life care screening tool. J Palliat Med. 2001;4(4):465-474.  PMCID: 11798478

Emanuel LL, Bienen LB.  Physician participation in executions: time to eliminate anonymity provisions and protest the practice.  Ann Intern Med.  2001:135(10);922-924. PMCID: 11712883

Ferris FD, von Gunten C, Emanuel LL. Knowledge: insufficient for change. J Palliat Med. 2001;4(2):145-147. PMCID: 11441621

Weiss SC, Emanuel LL, Fairclough DL, Emanuel EJ. Understanding the experience of pain in terminally ill patients. Lancet. 2001; 357(9265):1311-1315.  PMCID: 11343734

Wynia MK, Coughlin SS, Alpert S, Cummins DS, Emanuel LL.  Shared expectations for the protection of identifiable health care information: report of a national consensus process. J Gen Intern Med. 2001:16(2);100-111. PMCID: 11251761

Bottrell MM, Alpert H, Fischbach RL, Emanuel LL. Hospital informed consent for procedure forms: facilitating quality patient-physician interaction. Arch Surg. 2000;135(1):26-33. PMCID: 10636343

Baker R, Emanuel L. The efficacy of professional ethics: the AMA Code of Ethics in historical and current perspective. Hastings Cent Rep. 2000;30(4 suppl):S13-S17. PMCID: 11658233

Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Emanuel LL.  Attitudes and desires related to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide among terminally ill patients and their caregivers. JAMA. 2000;284(19):2460-2468.  PMCID: 11074775

Emanuel, EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, Emanuel LL. Understanding economic and other burdens of terminal illness: the experience of patients and their caregivers. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(6):451-459. PMCID: 10733444

Emanuel L. Building in ethics at the American Medical Association: a case study in purpose, structure, and management. Qual Manag Health Care. 2000;8(3):1-13. PMCID: 10947379

Emanuel LL. Ethics and Structures of Healthcare. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2000; 9(2):151-168. PMCID: 10742859

Emanuel L. How living wills can help doctors and patients talk about dying. BMJ. 2000;320(7250):1618-1619. PMCID: 10856045

Emanuel L. Must we always use advance directives? In: Zeman A, Emanuel LL, eds. Ethical Dilemmas in Neurology. London, UK: W.B. Saunders; 2000:159-167.

Emanuel LL, Alpert HR, Baldwin DC, Emanuel EJ. What terminally ill patients care about: toward a validated construct of patients’ perspectives. J Palliat Med. 2000;3(4):419-431. PMCID: 15859694

Emanuel LL, von Gunten CF, Ferris FD. Gaps in end-of-life care. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9(10):1176-1180. PMCID: 11115226

Emanuel LL, von Gunten CF, Ferris FD. Advance Care Planning. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9(10):1181-1187. PMCID: 11115227

Martin DK, Emanuel LL, Singer PA. Planning for the end of life. Lancet. 2000;356(9242):1672-1676. PMCID: 11089839

Osgood BS, Krasny AJ, Emanuel LL. Consultation and referral. In: Sugarman J, ed. Twenty Common Problems:  Ethics in Primary Care. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2000:103-115.

Schyve PM, Emanuel LL, Winslade W, Youngner SJ. Organizational ethics: promises and pitfalls. In: Aulisio MP, Arnold RM, Yungner SJ, eds. Ethics Consultation: From Theory to Practice. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000:131-146.

von Gunten CF, Ferris FD, Emanuel LL. The patient-physician relationship. Ensuring competency in end-of-life care: communication and relational skills. JAMA. 2000;284(23):3051-3057. PMCID: 11122596

von Gunten CF, Ferris FD, Kirschner C, Emanuel LL. Coding and reimbursement mechanisms for physician services in hospice and palliative care. J Palliat Med. 2000;3(2):157-164. PMCID: 15859742

Zeman A, Emanuel LL. eds. Ethical Dilemmas in Neurology. London: WB Saunders; 2000.

Baker RB, Caplan AL, Latham SR, Emanuel LL, eds. The American Medical Ethics Revolution: How the AMA’s Code of Ethics Has Transformed Physicians’ Relationships to Patients, Professionals and Society. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1999.

Council on Ethics and Judicial Affairs, Emanuel LL et al. Medical futility in end-of-life care: Report of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs.  JAMA. 1999;281(10):937-941. PMCID: 10078492

Emanuel EJ, Fairclough DL, Slutsman J, Alpert H, Baldwin D, Emanuel LL. Assistance from family members, friends, paid care givers, and volunteers in the care of terminally ill patients. New Engl J Med. 1999;341(13):956-963. PMCID: PMC10498492

Emanuel LL, von Gunten CF, Ferris FD, eds. The Education for Physician on End-of-life Care Curriculum.  Chicago, IL: The EPEC Project, Northwestern University; 1999

Latham SR, Emanuel LL. Who needs physicians’ professional ethics? In: Baker RB, Caplan AL, Emanuel LL, Latham SR, eds. The American Medical Ethics Revolution: How the AMA’s Code of Ethics Has Transformed Physicians’ Relationships to Patients, Professionals, and Society.  Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1999:192-203.

Wynia MK, Emanuel LL. Credentialing standards and quality care.  Commentary. In: Gervais KG, Priester R, Vawter DE, Otte KK, Solberg MM, eds. Ethical Challenges in Managed Care: A Ccasebook. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press; 1999:160-167.

Wynia MK, Latham SR, Kao AC, Berg JW, Emanuel LL. Physician professionalism in society. N Engl J Med.1999;341(21):1612-1616. PMCID: 10577119

Alpert HR, Emanuel L. Comparing utilization of life-sustaining treatments with patient and public preferences.  J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13(3):175-181. PMCID: 9541374

American Medical Association, Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, Emanuel LL et al. Optimal use of orders not to intervene and advance directives. Psychol Public Policy Law. 1998;4:1(3):668-675.  PMCID: 12803220

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL. The promise of a good death. Lancet. 1998;351(Suppl):SII21-29. PMCID: 9606363

Emanuel LL. Advance directives. In: Berger A, Portenoy RK, Weissman DE, eds.  Principles and Practice of Supportive Oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven;1998:791-808. Updated 2001, 2003, 2005. Updated 2006 to: Ethical considerations in palliative care.

Emanuel LL.  A question of balance. In: Emanuel LL, ed. Regulating How We Die: The Ethical, Medical, and Legal Issues Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1998:234-260.

Emanuel LL. Facing requests for physician-assisted suicide: toward a practical and principled clinical skill set. JAMA. 1998;280(7):643-647. PMCID: 9718058

Emanuel LL. Ed. Regulating How We Die: The Ethical, Medical, and Legal Issues Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1998.

Van der Maas P, Emanuel LL. Factual findings. In: Emanuel LL, ed. Regulating How We Die: The Ethical, Medical, and Legal Issues Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1998:151-174

Baker R, Caplan A, Emanuel LL, Latham SR. Crisis, ethics, and the American Medical Association 1847 and 1997. JAMA. 1997;278(18):163-164. PMCID: 9214535

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL.  Assisted suicide? Not in my state.  NYT (Print).  July 24, 1997:A21  PMCID: 11647251

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL. Preserving community in health care. J Health Polit Policy Law. 1997;22(1):147-184.  PMCID: 9057125

Emanuel L. Bringing market medicine to professional account. JAMA. 1997;277(12):1004-1005. PMCID: 9091652

Emanuel L. Patient’s advance directives for health care in case of incapacity. In: Cassel CK, Cohen HJ, Larson EB, Meier DE, Resnick NM, Rubenstein LZ, Sorensen LB, eds. Geriatric Medicine. 3rd ed. New York, NY:Springer-Verlag; 1997:993-1023.

Emanuel LL. Professional standards in health care: calling all parties to account. Health Aff (Millwood). 1997;16(1):52-54. PMCID: 9018943

Fischer GS, Alpert HR, Stoeckle JD, Emanuel LL. Can goals of care be used to predict intervention preferences in an advance directive? Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(7):801-807. PMCID: 9125014

Jessee WF, Tuckson RV, Emanuel LL. Going beyond a ‘philosophy of care’. Health Aff. 1997;16(6):126-128. PMCID: 9444818

Rennie D, Yank V, Emanuel L. When authorship fails. A proposal to make contributors accountable. JAMA. 1997;278(7):579-585. PMCID: 9268280

Stoeckle JD, Ronan LJ, Emanuel LL, Ehrlich CM. A manual on manners and courtesies for the shared care of patients. J Clin Ethics. 1997;8(1):22-23. PMCID: 9130105

Sugarman J, Emanuel LL. Relationships, relationships, relationships... J Clin Ethics. 1997;8(1):6-10. PMCID: 9130103

Alpert HR, Hoijtink R, Fischer GS, Emanuel L. Psychometric analysis of an advance directive. Med Care.1996;34(10):1057-1065. PMCID: 8843930

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL. What is accountability in health care? Ann Intern Med1996;124(2):229-239. PCMID: 8533999

Emanuel LL. A professional response to demands for accountability: practical recommendations regarding ethical aspects of patient care. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124(2):240-249. PMCID: 8534000

Emanuel LL. Structured discussion of advance care planning in action. Contemp Int Med. 1996;8:10-16.

Wharton RH, Levine KR, Buka S, Emanuel L. Advance care planning for children with special health care needs: a survey of parental attitudes. Pediatrics. 1996;97(5):682-687. PMCID: 8628607

Jecker NS, Emanuel L. Are acting and omitting morally equivalent? A reappraisal. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(6):696-701. PMCID: 7775732

Emanuel LL. Advance directives: do they work? J Am Coll of Cardiol. 1995;25(1):35-38. PMCID: 7798522

Emanuel LL.  Approaches to common ethical and legal issues in primary care practice. In: Goroll AH, Mulley AG, eds. Primary Care Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1995: 7-11.  Updated 1999, 2005.

Emanuel LL. Reexamining death: The asymptotic model and a bounded zone definition. Hastings Cent Rep. 1995;25(4):27-35. PMCID: 7591723

Emanuel L. Structured advance planning: is it finally time for physician action and reimbursement? JAMA. 1995;274(6):501-503. PMCID: 7629962

Emanuel LL. Structured deliberation to improve decision making for the seriously ill. Hastings Cent Rep. 1995;25(6):S14-S18. PMCID: 8608999

Emanuel L. The privilege and the pain. Ann Intern Med, 1995;122(10):797-798. PMCID: 7717605

Emanuel LL. The search for low-cost high-quality care: what are the assumptions and what are the questions now? J Gen Intern Med. 1995;10(4):232-233. PMCID: 7790986

Emanuel L.  What is wrong with “dead”?  In: Machado C, ed. Brain Death. (Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Brain Death). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV; 1995:47-56.

Emanuel LL, Danis M, Pearlman RA, Singer PA. Advance care planning as a process: structuring the discussions in practice. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43(4):440-446. PMCID: 7706637

Huang FY, Emanuel LL. Physician aid in dying and the relief of patients’ suffering: physicians’ attitudes regarding patients suffering and end-of-life decisions. J Clin Ethics. 1995;6(1):62-67. PMCID: 7632998

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL. The economics of dying.  The illusion of cost savings at the end of life. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(8):540-544. PMCID: 8302321

Emanuel L.  Appropriate and inappropriate use of advance directives.  J Clin Ethics. 1994;5(4):357-359. PMCID: 7749188

Emanuel LL. What makes a directive valid? Hastings Cent Rep. 1994;24(6 suppl):S27-S29. PMCID: 11653102

Emanuel LL, Barry MJ, Emanuel EJ, Stoeckle JD.  Advance directives: can patients’ stated treatment choices be used to infer unstated choices? Med Care. 1994;32(2):95-105.  PMCID: 8302111

Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ, Stoeckle JD, Hummel LR, Barry MJ. Advance directives: stability of patients’ treatment choices.  Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(2):209-217. PMCID: 8285816

Emanuel LL, Richter J. The consultant and the patient-physician relationship. A trilateral deliberative model.  Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(16):1785-1790. PMCID: 8053745

Emanuel EJ, Weinberg DS, Gonin R, Hummel LR, Emanuel LL. How well is the Patient Self-Determination Act working? An early assessment.  Am J Med. 1993;95(6):619-628.  PMCID: 8259779

Emanuel L. Advance directives: what have we learned so far? J Clin Ethics.1993;4(1):8-16. PMCID: 8490229

Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ. Decisions at the end of life: guided by communities of patients. Hastings Cent Rep. 1993;23(5):6-14. PMCID:  8262772

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL.  Four models of the physician-patient relationship. JAMA.1992;267(16):2221-2226. PMCID: 1556799

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL. Proxy decision making for incompetent patients: an ethical and empirical analysis. JAMA. 1992;267(15):2067-2071. PMCID: 1552642

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL, Orentlicher D.  Advance directives.  JAMA. 1991;266(18):2563.  PMCID: 1942400

Emanuel L.  The health care directive: learning how to draft advance care documents.  J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(12):1221-1228. PMCID: 1960367

Emanuel L.  PSDA in the clinic. Patient Self-Determination Act. Hastings Cent Rep. 1991;21(5):S6-7. PMCID: 1743941

Emanuel LL, Barry MJ, Stoeckle JD, Ettelson LM, Emanuel EJ.  Advanced directives for medical care--a case for greater use.  N Engl J Med. 1991;324(13):889-895. PMCID: 2000111

Wolf SM, Boyle P, Callahan D, Fins JJ, Jennings B, Nelson, JL, Barondess, JA, Brock DW, Dresser R, Emanuel L. Sources of concern about the Patient Self-Determination Act. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(23):1666-1671. PMCID: 1944466

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL.  Living wills: past, present, and future.  J Clin Ethics. 1990;1(1):9-19.  PMCID: 2131066

Emanuel L.  The question is: what is medicine supposed to be all about?  J Clin Ethics. 1990;1(4):289-290.

Emanuel LL.  Does the DNR order need life sustaining intervention?  Time for comprehensive advance directives. Am J Med. 1989;86(1):87-90.  PMCID: 2910098

Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ.  The Medical Directive: a new comprehensive advance care document.  JAMA. 1989;261(22):3288-3293. PMCID: 2636851

Emanuel EJ, Emanuel LL.  Is our AIDS policy ethical? Am J Med.  1987;83(3):519-20. PMCID: 3661588

Bevan S, Wendon LMB.  A study of the action of tetanus toxin at rat soleus neuromuscular junctions.  J Physiol. 1984;348:1-17. PMCID: 6716279

Wendon LM, Gill DM.  Tetanus toxin action on cultured nerve cells: does it modify a neuronal protein?  Brain Res. 1982;238(1):292-297.  PMCID: 6123375

Fields KL, Brock JP, Mirsky R, Wendon LM.  Cell surface markers for distinguishing different types of rat dorsal root ganglion cells in culture.  Cell. 1978;14(1):43-51. PMCID: 352534. Also published in Cell Biology;  Ed M. Raff. 1980.

Mirsky R, Wendon LM, Black P, Stolkin C, Bray D. Tetanus toxin: a cell surface marker for neurones in culture.  Brain Res. 1978;148(1):251-259. PMCID: 350352